The Principle of Multiple Degrees of Litigation

Abstract

Criminal judgments may contain some factual or legal errors. Therefore, most national laws stipulate other guarantees, including the principle of multiple levels of litigation. Through this research, I reached the most important conclusions, including: Appeal is the only way to achieve the principle of multiple levels of litigation. However, the Iraqi legislator has completely abandoned the principle of appeal in criminal judgments. I concluded with the most important proposal, which is to cancel paragraph (2) of the explanatory memorandum of the same law and amend Book Four of it, entitled (Methods of Appealing Judgments), by adding a new chapter entitled (Appeal).