Guarantees of the Rights of Iraqi Minorities in Light of the Post-2003 Political Conflict

Abstract

The homeland of Iraq is a large mixture of sects and Arafidians, which provides it as a model of diversity and coexistence between different sects, ethnicities, and nationalities. However, this diversity may often lead to political conflicts or homogeneous conflicts. The fragile and weak social groups that belong to this diversity (minorities) had the largest share of these conflicts, which made it necessary to adopt international and national rules to ensure the protection of the rights of minorities. Especially since the latter had moved during the era of the United Nations from the specificity of rights to the universality of human rights rules, and began to look at members of minorities on the basis of their belonging to the human community and not their belonging to the minority group, and thus this group was concerned with many national laws, rules, declarations and international agreements. This study came to pose an effectiveness problem National and international guarantees for the application of these laws and rules in order to achieve equality among all members of one society. This study will include, in addition to the guarantees ensuring respect for the rights of minorities, an explanation of the concept of minorities, the concept of political conflicts, and the most important national and international rules guaranteeing the rights of minorities through studying the relevant national legal and constitutional provisions and analyzing them to reach the extent of their effectiveness in achieving the purpose for which they were created.