Legal Protection of the Human Right to Express Opinions Regarding Current Conflicts Via Social Media

Abstract

The right to freedom of expression is a fundamental human right, as stipulated in Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Every person has the right to express his opinion clearly and frankly, and no one has the right to confiscate this right, whether this right is exercised in a real physical way or through social media, especially in light of current conflicts, whether these conflicts are political, economic or social. For example, a political conflict between a group of parties, a raised social issue, or an expected economic crisis. In this case, it is the right of every individual to express his opinion regarding these crises and conflicts, as they affect him or his family in the future. Iraqi laws have guaranteed this right, most importantly the Iraqi Constitution, which referred to this right in Article 38: The State guarantees, without prejudice to public order and morals: First: Freedom of expression of opinion by all means. Second: Freedom of the press, printing, advertising, media, and publishing. By the phrase "by all means," Iraqi law guarantees this right even if it is exercised via social media or the internet, as is the case in discussion forums. Legally, however, the right to freedom of expression is not an absolute right, and depends on several factors, including: Legal restrictions: In most countries, freedom of expression is permitted, but restrictions are imposed on what may constitute hate speech, incitement to violence, or a threat to national security. Social customs and traditions: The limits of freedom of expression vary from one society to another, depending on prevailing customs and culture. What is considered acceptable in one society may be unacceptable in another. In addition, institutions and professional fields, such as work environments or universities, there are rules governing the manner of expression, such as adhering to the etiquette of dialogue and not harming the reputation of the institution.